Conclusion
At this point, you should have a good understanding of git basic concepts and to have a pretty good amount of basic git commands in your hands that you will need for your everyday work with git. In some parts, we dig a bit deeper into how git is handling some parts internally and you may think that this should not be included in a guide like this, but it is really important to understand some parts deeply because it can help you later on to understand some advanced concepts such as rebasing, squashing, cherry-picking etc.
I hope that this guide helped you to become confident using git and that you've gained enough knowledge to be productive while working on your projects.